TDD is a great methodology for simplifying your code and focusing on delivering business value. When doing TDD, we always want to strive to make it as friction-free as possible. This means making writing tests and, more importantly, refactoring as painless as we can. One of the ways we can do that is to use an Auto-Mocking container.
A very common reason for tests to change is because we added a new dependency to our SUT and we have to modify all of our previous tests to use this new dependency. One way to avoid this is to use an object that will build your SUT and inject all appropriate dependencies as mocked objects. So your tests go from looking like this:
to this:
We can now add another dependency without having to modify this test (assuming that this dependency is not used in this test).
Most of the popular mocking frameworks that are in use today (Moq, Rhino.Mocks, NSubstitute, etc) all have 1 or more Auto-Mocking frameworks that can be downloaded via NuGet. On our current project, we are using TypeMock, which is a very powerful, commercial grade, mocking tool. It can mock out almost anything and is used quite extensively in the SharePoint development world. There is no Auto-Mocking container for it, so I decided to write one.
An Auto-Mocking container needs to be able to do 2 things. Generate a SUT object with all dependencies mocked out and be able to retrieve the dependencies that were injected. TypeMock uses the following method to generate a mock object
Since it uses a static generic method, there is no way to call this method with a Type object without using reflection. So we will use reflection to call this method. We can get the MethodInfo object for this method in the following way:
and we would use it like so:
When creating our SUT we need to use reflection to get the types of the constructor parameters and use the method above to create them. In order to retrieve them at a later point we need to create a registry, which will simply be a Dictionary<Type, object>; In the case of multiple constructors we will pick the largest constructor. Here's what our CreateSut method looks like:
To get our generated mock objects we can grab them from our dictionary after our SUT has been created. The full source for the Automocker can be found on Github.
A very common reason for tests to change is because we added a new dependency to our SUT and we have to modify all of our previous tests to use this new dependency. One way to avoid this is to use an object that will build your SUT and inject all appropriate dependencies as mocked objects. So your tests go from looking like this:
dependency1 = new Mock<IDependency1>(); dependency2 = new Mock<IDependency2>(); sut = new MyClass(dependency1, dependency2);
to this:
mocker = new Automocker(); sut = mocker.CreateSut<MyClass>(); dependency1 = mocker.GetMock<IDependency1>(); dependency2 = mocker.GetMock<IDependency2>();
We can now add another dependency without having to modify this test (assuming that this dependency is not used in this test).
Most of the popular mocking frameworks that are in use today (Moq, Rhino.Mocks, NSubstitute, etc) all have 1 or more Auto-Mocking frameworks that can be downloaded via NuGet. On our current project, we are using TypeMock, which is a very powerful, commercial grade, mocking tool. It can mock out almost anything and is used quite extensively in the SharePoint development world. There is no Auto-Mocking container for it, so I decided to write one.
An Auto-Mocking container needs to be able to do 2 things. Generate a SUT object with all dependencies mocked out and be able to retrieve the dependencies that were injected. TypeMock uses the following method to generate a mock object
Isolate.Fake.Instance<IDependency>();
Since it uses a static generic method, there is no way to call this method with a Type object without using reflection. So we will use reflection to call this method. We can get the MethodInfo object for this method in the following way:
TypeMockInstance = Isolate.Fake.GetType()
.GetMethods()
.Where(m => m.Name == "Instance")
.Select(m => new
{
Method = m,
Params = m.GetParameters(),
Args = m.GetGenericArguments()
})
.Where(x => x.Params.Length == 0
&& x.Args.Length == 1)
.Select(x => x.Method)
.First();
and we would use it like so:
TypeMockInstance.MakeGenericMethod(type).Invoke(Isolate.Fake, null);
When creating our SUT we need to use reflection to get the types of the constructor parameters and use the method above to create them. In order to retrieve them at a later point we need to create a registry, which will simply be a Dictionary<Type, object>; In the case of multiple constructors we will pick the largest constructor. Here's what our CreateSut method looks like:
public T CreateSut<T>()
{
var type = typeof (T);
var constructors = type.GetConstructors(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance);
//get largest constructor
ConstructorInfo largestConstructor = null;
foreach (var constructor in constructors)
{
if (largestConstructor == null ||
largestConstructor.GetParameters().Length < constructor.GetParameters().Length)
{
largestConstructor = constructor;
}
}
//generate mocks and build up parameter list
var parameters = new List<object>();
foreach (var parameterInfo in largestConstructor.GetParameters())
{
if (!_typeRegistry.ContainsKey(parameterInfo.ParameterType))
{
_typeRegistry[parameterInfo.ParameterType] = GetMockInstance(parameterInfo.ParameterType);
}
parameters.Add(_typeRegistry[parameterInfo.ParameterType]);
}
return (T) largestConstructor.Invoke(parameters.ToArray());
}
To get our generated mock objects we can grab them from our dictionary after our SUT has been created. The full source for the Automocker can be found on Github.
